Chapters 43 & 44 Exam
Test Hints

Immune System

The test will be based exclusively on my class notes. Know them well.

Know the basic differences between nonspecific and specific defense mechanisms.

Know how white blood cells are classified. Know the difference between phagocytes and lymphocytes. Be able to recognize the different phagocytes and lymphocytes. This is important!

Know what antimicrobial proteins are and how they disable pathogens.

Know the process of the inflammatory response- the order that things happen and what occurs.

Know the difference between pluripotent and totipotent.

Understand how vaccination works (Jenner’s experiment).

Know the basics of the lymphatic system. What is it, how does it work, etc. What is lymph? What are lymph nodes?

Know the differences between B cells and T cells and how they provide a specific immune response.

Know antibodies completely since this may be a free response questions. Be able to draw one and label the parts. Be able to list the names of the five different kinds of antibodies. Yeah, I told you not to memorize them, I revoke that statement! Know what an antigen is and how an antibody recognizes it. Know how antibodies are used as both receptors and effectors.

Know the difference between the humoral and cell mediated immunity. Be able to explain how each works.

Understand clonal selection theory.

Know how antibodies “kill” or “disable” nasty pathogens and toxins.

Understand the concept of immunological memory.

Excretory System

Know the basic function of the excretory system

Be able to identify the three different kind of nitrogenous compounds that are excreted by different animals and why they use these different molecules.

Know how the liver and kidney differ in function.

Know the basic anatomy of the excretory system- ureter, etc.

Know the basic anatomy of the nephron- glomerulus, etc.

Know the basic 4 step journey filtrate takes on its journey to become urine.

Know the basic function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and how it works.

Free Response Question

The free response will be either #2 or #4.

Good Luck!